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《为什么是义乌》，我来告诉你

义乌，究竟是什么？义乌，究竟凭什么？义乌，全球化了吗？义乌，能被复制吗？义乌，坏账何时了？义乌，还能走多远？义乌，明天是什么？回想义乌改革开放之前是一个穷乡僻壤，20多年的努力建成一个全世界最大的小商品商贸中心，这样的成就确实让研究经济的学者们感到目瞪口呆。缺乏自然资源、缺乏工业基础、缺乏外资推动、缺乏优惠政策的义乌看似“莫名”发展起来，其实是有“其妙”的！义乌，这是一个孕育财富、创造奇迹的地方。
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《为什么是义乌》目录
序一
序二
引言
一、义乌，究竟是什么？
（一）义乌如斯
【小故事1-1】毫厘利润成就大生意——探秘义乌“蚂蚁商人”
（二）市场如斯
（三）义乌的人
【小故事1-2】义乌人的传奇故事（1）——5厘钱利润成就千万身价
【小故事1-3】义乌人的传奇故事（2）——用吸管把世界“吸”进来
【小故事1-4】义乌人的传奇故事（3）——炒杏仁每年能卖800万美元
二、义乌，究竟凭什么？
（一）义乌变迁
【小故事2-1】农妇与县委书记之争——第一位合法小商贩由此诞生
（二）市场变迁
（三）义乌精神
【小故事2-2】杨守春——第一位系统提出“义乌精神”的人
【小故事2-3】竞争引出的群众“首创”案例——保联东街的故事
（四）政府之力
【小故事2-4】义乌政府的决策片断（1）——1982年在源头作出决策的人们
【小故事2-5】义乌政府的决策片断（2）——“放水养鱼”政策所解放的活力
【小故事2-6】义乌政府的决策片断（3）——解决土地问题的“养蜂者说”
【小故事2-7】义乌政府的决策片断（4）——水权交易破解水资源瓶颈
【小故事2-8】美国博士对义乌的疑问——“政府如何干预市场？”
三、义乌，全球化了吗？
（一）全球氛围
【小故事3-1】从韩国商人变成义乌商人——“这里是无可替代的平台”
【小故事3-2】韩国商人的义乌公司——“脚踩义乌热土，手抓全球商机”
【小故事3-3】从战火中走来的伊拉克商人——“这里孕育着无限商机”
【小故事3-4】巴基斯坦领事笑谈义乌——“两地贸易发展空间十分巨大”
【小故事3-5】袜子的传奇——贸工联动战略下的经典演绎
（二）市场脉搏
四、义乌，能被复制吗？
（一）市场无限
【小故事4-1】复制者言——“到哪儿我们都带着义乌印记”
（二）先入规则
五、义乌，坏账何时了？
（一）诈骗不断
【小故事5-1】“美国通蒂公司”骗了义乌百余经营户215万元
【小故事5-2】义乌市场一不法商人空手骗走37个集装箱小商品
（二）坏账调查
（三）路在何方
六、义乌，还能有多远？
（一）义乌期限
（二）市场周期
【小故事6-1】狮子与羚羊的故事
七、义乌，明天是什么？
（一）竞争优势
（二）面向未来
参考文献
后记

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在价格临时干预实施期间，义乌市共有10家较大食品企业被要求提出调价要求时，需向物价部门申报和备案。这10家企业分别是华统肉制品、义乌农贸城、四家超市（世纪联华超市、好又多超市、义乌乐购超市、有加利超市）、四家燃气公司....详细

义乌把这样的棘手问题交给风险办

　　面对国际金融危机扩散和蔓延，进一步冲击实体经济，浙江出台一系列政策，“保稳促调”。其中，各地政府出手、帮助浙企渡过资金难关的做法，尤其引人注目。

　　这一次，“中国小商品海洋”义乌率先破局。“运作一个月来，义乌已经有25家企业提出申请，其中16家得到帮助，避免了资金链断裂。”昨天下午，义乌经济发展局局长、义乌风险办主任....详细

a sea of commodity，a paradise फॉर shoppers

Yiwu is known as“a sea of commodity，a paradise for shoppers”. Mr . Zhang and his girlfriend bought a remote-controlh elicopter and a technical toy in Yiwu market on the New Year’s Day . Mr Zhang said that he had spend so much time in searching for these two things. He was happy to get them in Yiwu markret

Industrial economy keeps growing

he year of 2007 witnessed rapid progress in Yiwu industrial economy and steady advance in its economical profits . By the end of November of 2007，industrial enterprises had realized gross production value of 80 . 589 billion yuan，21 . 22% up over 2006，and the sales value reached 78 . 329 billion yuan，20 .96% over the previousyear with the production-to-marketing rate being 97.19%. The electricity consumption of industry reached 2 . 683 billion KWH，15.45% up over the previousyear ，and export value of industrial goods amounted to 12.002 billion yuan ，25.04% over the same period of 2006 . Industrial enterprises of considerable size accomplished industrial output value of 37 . 768 billion yuan，27 . 25% over the same period of previous year .

In 2007，Yiwu fully carried out the strategy of “Trade and Industry Promoting Each Other”，gave more guidance in the industry upgrade and colony industry cultivation，and more support to enterprises’ self-innovation and industry upgrade . In 2007，Yiwu provided about 140 million yuan of financial funds in many aspects like supporting the excellent and outstanding，building public service platform，tech innovation，brand and standardization strategy，energy conservation and emission mitigation，and cycle economy，which made a favorable atmosphere for economical development and innovation . Besides more than 20 competitive industries such as zippers，tapes，ornaments，clothing，socks，wool spinning and knitwear，some other industrieslike IT，medicine and equipment manufacture also began to take shape .

Yiwu wasawarded the title of China’s thread and tape famouscity in October of 2007 . By now，Yiwu has9 national industry bases o f z i p p e r s ，pen-making ，cosmetics ，knitting socks ，clothing ，handiworks，ornaments，printing，and thread & tape . In the meantime，the construction of advanced manufacturing is in the front rank of Zhejiang Province . Scaled enterprises increased to 1052 in 2007 from 873 in 2006. According to statistics ，Yiwu got additionally 25 China’sfamoustrademarksand 3 China famousbrandsin the year of 2007 . Yiwu wasNo . 3 in the list of “the 2006 China’sTop 100 Counties of Trademarks” which was issued in August，2007 .Yiwu also started building the program and innovation platform to upgrade the self-innovation level of industry enterprises . 20 programshave been listed in the provincial new product trial manufacturing plan，12 of which have already been inspected and accepted . The ability and level of enterprises’ self-innovation have been in steady improvement .

Further development achieved in 2007 Yiwu Fair

2007 China (Yiwu) International CommoditiesFair (Yiwu Fair)achieved 10 . 89 billion yuan of business volume in the economic and trade exhibition，up 15 . 3% against that of last year . In that figure，the export trade volume reached 980 million US dollars，67 . 5% of the total . It isthe first time that the total business volume of Yiwu Fair hasexceeded 10 billion yuan，which laysa solid foundation for the further internationalization of the city .So far，13 sessions of Yiwu Fair have been successfully held . In 2007，the Fair wasequipped with 4，500 international standard booths，with 2，560 enterprises and 110，156 professional spectators attending the Fair.Among them，17，011 were overseas businessmen，a rise of 5.9% over that of last fair .They came from 172 countriesin the world，over 60% from developed countries.
The grade of 2007 Yiwu Fair went beyond all of the previous sessions . In this fair ，the access conditionsfor the exhibiting enterprises were greatly tightened，the distribution area of the exhibiting enterprises was much enlarged，and the proportion of the famous exhibiting enterprises distinctly went up . Those 2，560 exhibiting enterprises，which came from 15 countriesand regionsaswell as27 provinces(municipalities or autonomous regions) at home，were carefully selected from 3，518 candidate enterprises . Over 82% of the exhibiting enterprises possessed own trademarks，and the famousbrandson or over the prefecture level increased by 10 . 6%.
During the exhibition period of 2007 Yiwu Fair，58 ，000 business boothsin Yiwu Market and 4，500 exhibition boothswere opened to all the visitors . Businessmen from South Korea ，Indian ，U . S . ，Japan ，and Pakistan comprised the body of he foreign exhibitorsin 2007 Yiwu Fair .And dealerss pecializing in handicrafts，sports & office supplies，household products，electric appliances，and hardware enjoyed a special boom in their business，frequently receiving ordersof millionsof yuan .
The specialization of the exhibition became more and more outstanding，for it strengthened the role as an exhibition and trade platform for daily consumable enterprises . In this fair，over 90% of the exhibitorswere daily consumable producers，and the number of professional spectators increased by 6. 7% . Besides ，the phenomena of source procurement became more distinct，because more purchasing groups (85 in total) came to buy productsin succession，including those from over ten multinational retail groupslike Carrefour，Metro，Lotus，and Auchan .Moreover，many supporting activities promoted the specialization of the exhibition，such as Yiwu Forum on Application of Yiwu-China Small Commodity Index and Market Function Innovation，and EU-Yiwu Economic and Trade Cooperation Conference & Yiwu Investment Environment Introduction Meeting . Furthermore，with invitation lettersor cards，the foreign businessmen can directly apply for business visa in our country’s embassies and consulates abroad .
The exhibition opened the official WAP website to provide the cell phone users with the service of palm Yiwu Fair . It also improved the service functions of Online Yiwu Fair and 114 Bestone . In addition，human-centric styles of service could also be observed in the Chinese-English signs，interpretation service，consultation，and transportation .

Rapidly growing Yiwu Exhibition Industry

According to statistics，32 exhibitions of variousindus trieswere held in Yiwu in 2007 and turnover reached 13 . 04 billion yuan .
Newsfrom Forum on 2010 World Expo & City Cooperation in Yangtze Delta and Project Recommendation Conference say that Yiwu exhibitions were highly appraised by the sponsor of the forum and attendeesof the conference for itsfas t development，top grade and good economic benefits.

The forum aimsto enable citiesin Yangtze Delta to learn the latest news of the World Expo to be held in Shanghai in 2010 and form a platform of communication and cooperation . Ding Yunfeng，vice CEO of CCC Group (China Commodity City Group) made a report on behalf of Yiwu exhibition industry，introduced the reason of the quick development of Yiwu exhibition industry and the special economic developing mode of holding exhibitions through the market and developing the market by exhibitions. It is said that 32 exhibitionsof different industries were held in Yiwu in 2007，the turnover reached 13 . 04 billion yuan，and total exhibiting area amounted to 313 thousand square meters，among which 28%，that is7 exhibitions，covered an area of over 9 thousand square meters .

On the awardsceremony of Yangtze Delta Top Exhibition Projects & Excellent Exhibition Enterprises held simultaneously，Yiwu Exhibition industry had a good harvest . CCC Group Exhibition Co .，Ltd and Meihu Exhibition Center won the prize of China Yangtze Delta Excellent Exhibition Enterprise . China Yiwu International CommoditiesFair and China International Hardware & Electrical AppliancesTrade Fair were entitled China Yangtze Delta Excellent Exhibition Project .

Wireless Internet widely accessible in Yiwu

32 hot places including Yiwu ITC have been recently covered by wireless Internet . Purchasers and tourists coming to Yiwu can go online by wireless Internet with their laptops in these 32 places ， such as the Ga the ring Area of Phase I and I I of ITC ，the Connection Passages of the ITC ，Telecommunications Market，Real Estate Trade Market ，Meihu Exhibition Center，Waiting Hall of Yiwu Airport，some office bui ldings like Yindu Business Building，Ocean Building，Treasure Building，Guomao Bui lding， and the lobbies and meeting rooms in most hotels three-starred and above .

Yiwu-made gifts decorate Christmas globally

The approaching Chri stmas makes gifts from Yiwu Market displayed early in the department stores all over the world . In recent days，people in Ameri ca and European countries have been busy buying all kinds of Christmas gifts from stores to celebrate their annual biggest festival .
Christmas has always been a day western people spend large amounts of money. In the U.S. ， Mexico and European countries and regions，December is thought of as one of the main shopping seasons . Insiders say，the Chri stmas gi fts exported through the platform of Yiwu Market still account for 70 percent in American and Mexican markets and over 50 percent in European market this year .
I f you take a careful look at the labels of toys in British market，you can find almost all the toys，ranging from the Teddy Bear at the price of 2 pounds to the remote-controlled Robocop or international chess sets made of walnut at the price of some one hundred pounds，are Chinamade products . Therefore，Chinese products have already played a very important role in the toy market of Britain . I t i s also found in the Christmas gifts on sale in Britain that Chinese products still keep the advantage of low price . Almost all of those Christmas gifts at low-or-middle level were exported from Yiwu . Once a foreign businessman said， because of the cheap price and high variety，American and European businessmen still favor Chinese products， especially the labor-intensive Christmas gifts， and come for procurement in succession . Sourc es say over 70 percent of the Christmas products in the world this year come from China . Take Christmas trees for example，China-made Christmas trees have already taken two-thirds of the world market . Other typi cal Chri stmas products like Santa Claus costume，bells，colorful ribbons，dolls，sleds，colored lights and hanging decorations have even become Yiwu’s specialties. It has become a common view today that Yiwu products decorate the global Christmas .
Despite the new record in the export volume of Yiwu’s Christmas products， the profits of the Christmas gifts in dustry are decreasing to about 10 percent on the average . I t should be attributed to the tense competition and the price rising of raw materials . Since the “Christmas cake” in China’s dish belongs to the part with middle-orlow added value， we have to put more emphasis on the brand develop ment and technological improvement .
It is learned from the Christmas gifts are a of the International Trade City as well as some enterprises that the sale of Christmas gifts this year is coming to an end and that most of the Christmas products still in hand are to supply the local customers .
Some trade companies and enterprises have even begun top roduce Christmas products for next year .

Yiwu to be a base of cartooned toys

Yiwu Toys R&D Center was founded recently .
Since the traditional way of making profit by the use of cheap labors is no longer workable for toys and stationery manufacturers，they intend to work with cartoon & animation producers to find the new way of making profit . As the biggest commodities distributing center in the Yangtze river delta ，Yiwu is no doubt the best platform to show and sell toys shaped or portraited according to cartoon figures，which are derivative products of cartoon & animatin industry . With the combined advantages of the markets ，large numbers of manufacturers and exhibitions such as China Yiwu International Commodities Fair，China Yiwu Cultural Trade Fair，Yiwu will attract more manufacturers and dealers of cartoon & animation derivative products，and guide enterprises to introduce and produce such products in the way of combining improvement with creation .

Customs in Yangtze River Delta to share unified standards

The customs in the region of Yangtze River Delta will intensify the reforms of regional customs 　clearance，and will implement unified standards for law enforcement . The customs are exploring the establishment of regional documents examination center，and trying to form a logistics path which sets up a gate of entry and exit in Shanghai and transportation hubs in Wuhan and Chongqing. And the logisti cs path wi ll influence South-Central region and West region in China as well .
To improve the customs clearance efficiency， the customs in the region of Yangtze River Delta will put some import and export documents into the cata logue of “low risks” with automatic computer handling . The enterprise classification and the qualification of enterprises with simple customs clearance priority will be accepted by all customs in the region of Yangtze River Delta gradually. The information management system in Shanghai will be perfected.
Meanwhile， the integration and connection of cargo transfer systems between various special customs zones in there gion of Yangtze River Delta will be realized .

Quality Issues Open Gap In The Chinese Retail Market

For the past two decades，John Kashani has been buying cheap goods from Chinese factories and exporting them to the US. Now he wants to sell made-in-the-USg oods in China， and to do it from Yiwu， a city that has become a shop window to the world for Chinese manufacturers and one of the country’s main export hubs .
　　Mr Kashani is vice-president of Californiabased Concord Enterprises， one of the largest distributors to discount “dollar stores” in the US. Apart from buying cheap Chinese goods，Concord also sources from clearance sales by large US retailers such as Wal-Mart and ships those unsold products to 3 3 countries ， including Mexico and Chile .
　　Sino-US trade has long been fraught with controversy， the most recent surrounding the US recalls of Chinese-made products over safety concerns . That，and the growing trade imbalance，will feature prominently in next week’s round in Beijing of the six-monthly Strategic Economic Dialogue betwe en th e two countri e s . As Mr Kashani ’s endeavour shows，however， the nuances of trade can manifest themselves in unexpected ways .
　　As the quality and safety of Chinese-made products are questioned，Mr Kashani sees an opportunity to enter China by picking out the USmade goods he sources from Wal-Mart from chocolates to toilet cleaners and selling them to a growing Chinese middle class with its own quality concerns about Chinese goods .
　　“We can compete with China，”Mr Kashani says . “Not as far as price，but for those people who want to get quality， US-made merchandise. We can sell to them at a higher price . ”
　　The price differential between such clearance items and Chinese-made goods is smaller than one might imagine . Mr Kashani says the unit price for a 500ml bottle of Chinese-made shampoo，for example，is 49 cents，while he is selling his US - made shampoo in China for 69 cents a bottle. Helping to narrow this price gap are an appreciating renminbi and the largely one-way flow of goods across the Pacific Ocean.
　　China sh ipped $ 2 8 7 . 8 bn( 195.5 bn ，￡140. 7bn)worth of goods to the USl ast year，while US exports to China total led just $55. 2bn，according to USs tatistics . What this means for Mr Kashani is that while shipping one container from China to the USc osts $3，000，going the other way a trip many container ships are normally forced to make with empty containers which cost only $900 .
　　Lacking large China sales teams and distribution channels，Mr Kashani is part of a group of small American companies including Californian wineries and makers of environmental products in Tennessee who are setting up shop in Yiwu，a wholesale distribution centre in the Yangtze River delta.
　　Mr Kashani and ab out 30 other US companies will be displaying their wares at the American Merchandise Center in Yiwu，a 120，000 sq ft showroom space .
　　The centre is the first exhibition area in China dedicated exclusively to US-made products and is a joint project between the Yiwu municipal government and Bid8，a US-based company .
　　Colin Wu，Bid8’s founder and the new venture's chief executive，says US-made products have a reputation for higher quality in China . “For Yiwu，introducing the ‘centre’ is an effort to lift themselves from the image of being a market for cheap，shoddy goods，”says Mr Wu，a Chinese American who once worked as a translator for China’s foreign ministry.
　　Yiwu，three hours’ drive south of Shanghai ，is home to one of the world’s largest markets for light manufactured goods . Nearly 60，000 Chinese suppliers display wares ranging from teacups to Christmas trees to foreign buyers in nine buildings .
　　The goal of the new American Merchandise Center is to open the Chinese market to companies that do not have the resources of the multinationals .
　　Among the US companies is Wilson Creek，a southern California winery that produces about 650，000 bottles annually . Wilson Creek has seen opportunity in China for years，but has been unable to make inroads，says Chuck Spiegel， a director . “There’s over a billion people in China，but not a lot of good Californian wine is sold here . ”So Wilson Creek is joining several other wineries in opening a wine-tasting area at the American Merchandise Center .
　　Not everything has gone smoothly for the UScom panies . Having flown to Yiwu for an October trade fai r ，Wilson Creek and other winemakers discovered their stock had been held up by customs officials in Shanghai，as had Mr Kashani’s dollar-store merchandise. “The Chinese customs are very good at sending goods out of the country，”says Mr Kashani.“They’re not so good at getting goods in. ”